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Conservation efforts in the Carpathians include the establishment of protected areas, national parks, and
nature reserves. A prime example is the Bieszczady National Park in Poland, part of the "Eastern Carpathians"
International Biosphere Reserve, which extends into Slovakia and Ukraine. This park exemplifies the focus on
natural resource preservation and sustainable development promotion. Additionally, adaptive forest
management techniques and transboundary cooperation are being implemented to enhance the resilience
of Carpathian forests against climate change. Strategies such as forest restoration, reforestation, and
protection of rare native species are being employed to safeguard the region's ecological integrity and socio-
economic functions. In conclusion, the Carpathian Mountains represent a region of exceptional ecological
and cultural value, currently facing significant challenges from socio-economic shifts and climate change.
Ensuring the sustainable development and preservation of this unique natural heritage requires ongoing
collaborative efforts that transcend national and sectoral boundaries.

2. Analysis of the current situation

Environmental Status

The Carpathian Mountains, stretching roughly 1,500 km across seven nations in Central and Eastern Europe,
are a critical biodiversity hub. The region is home to some of the last remaining old-growth forests in Europe,
as well as a variety of plant and animal species.
Biodiversity and Key Species: The Carpathians are home to many endemic species and serve as vital habitats
for large predators like wolves, brown bears, and lynx, as well as herbivores such as chamois and European
bison. The region's ecosystems range from montane forests to meadows and raised bogs.

Ecosystem Services: The Carpathians provide crucial ecosystem services, including water regulation, carbon
storage, and biodiversity preservation. The forests in this region play a significant role in climate regulation
and soil conservation

Climate Change Impact: The Carpathians are facing notable climate change effects, such as shifts in
temperature and precipitation patterns. These changes are influencing the distribution of various species
and the timing of seasonal events. Additionally, climate change is heightening the risk of natural disasters
like landslides and floods.
Cultural and Natural Heritage

The Carpathians boast a wealth of natural and cultural heritage, including numerous national parks, UNESCO
World Heritage sites, and biosphere reserves. For example, Poland's Bieszczady National Park is part of the
"Eastern Carpathians" International Biosphere Reserve.

Nature conservation initiatives in the Carpathians include the creation of protected areas, the adoption of
sustainable forest management practices and the promotion of transboundary cooperation. The Carpathian
Convention provides a framework for joint efforts to protect and sustainably develop the region.

Socioeconomic Factors

Funded by the European Union. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect
those of the European Union or the European Education and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA). Neither the European Union nor EACEA
can be held responsible for them.